Improvement in sewing-machines



J. W. HARDIE.

SEWING MACHINE.

N0. 25,331. Patented Sept. 6, 1859.

UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

JASON W. HARDIE, OF NEW YORK. N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING-MACHINES.

To all Ich/)m if 'may culte/'171.

lie it known that l, .Msox W. HAunlr, ol'

the city, county. and State ot'New York, have invented certain new and usel'ul l'mprovements in Scwiiig-Machines; and l de hcrehy declare that the t'ollowincl is a iull and exact description thereof', reference being,r had tothe accompanying;` drawings` making' part ol' this specitication- Figurel heine; a longitudinal vertical section ot'the machine in 'the tiangc ot' theneedles motion; Fig. 2, a transverse vertical section iu thc plane indicated bythe line .1'.r, Fig. 1; Fig'. It, a plan ot' the under side thereot', showing' the workingY parts; Fig'. 4, a plan ot' apartdetached; Figs. 5, t5, and T, diag-rams illustralingthe methods ot' l'oriuin,"V the stitches.

Like letters deste-nate corresponding' parts in all the figures.

The parts are all mounted on a hase-plate. a, ol' ainy suitable construction, to he attached to a ta-hle or stand. rlhe prcssure-arm l) may he ot' any ordinary construction, and requires no description. .lhe needle-arm calsomay be of usual construction. -lt works on a t'ulcrum, c, situated beneath the baseplatea, soy

as to enahlc it to be actuated by means ot'an extension, c", protecting forward under said hase-pl ate. The power is applied to a driving-shaft, c` and the vihraitory motion is conrmunicated therct'rom to the needle-arm by means ot' a. circular groove,` t, in the face ot' a disk, d, secured cceentrically on said drivingshaft, in which groove a wrist-pin, r, situated on the end of the under extension, fr', o tf the needle-arm, and provided with a friction-roller, is moved. The arrangement ot'the eccentric circular groove t in relation to and its action upon the needle-arm are peculiar, and such as to produce, in a very simple and superior manner, the precise movement of the needle-arm desired. The point. ot' least eccentricity in the central line of the groove, or that iu which the center ot' the wrist-pin fr travels, is only a very litt-le distance outside ol' the center of the driving-shaft, as indica-ted at c, Fig. l, and the said center of the driving-shalt or ot' the eccentric `erooves motion is situated nearly or exactly inthe line ot' the are iu which the said central point ot' the wrist-piniI vibrates on the fulcrum c. The result ot' this arrangement is that the \vristpin can never pass below the hub ot' the groove` aml that it remainsl almost stationary during a considerable port ion ot' each revolut-ion ot'the eccentric groove, thus enablingthc needle to remain in nearly a lived position while the stitch is forming; and by this arrangement there is no tlcadqiointI`7 to pass in any partv ol' the movementot" the eccentric `groove. Another advantage is that the whole construction ot' the groove is circular, and conseqmmtly simple and cheap. 'lhe center otl the wrist-pin should never quite reach the center or axis ot' the driving-shalt, for, it' so, the groove would pass ct'mtinually round the wrist-pin and give no motion to it; but the cccentricity7 is to lie as slight as practicable, in order to produce as little motion ot' the needley as may be at the time spccilied. I'J'lhc 4disk (I, in which the eccentric. groove t is formed, is also employed as the eccentric to communicate the vibratory motion to the hooks l1 h. t'or forming the stitches through the means ot' a shackle-bar]` and sliding;` rack j".

which works in a pinioing, onthe axis ot'said' hooks. The axis ofthe hooks is hollow, and is mounted on the standard ota hobbin-holder, It', around which the hooks move, and which is supported by a suitable step beneath. Directly above the bohhin-holdcr is an aperture in the hase-plate n, through which the bohbin p (shown by red lines in Fig. 1)*is inserted, and rests loosely on the top of said bobbin-holdcr. Back of the position of thebobbin is a hole, o, in the bobbin-holder, of suitable size just to receive the point of the needle I, which` descends into it, and is thereby retained with outthe possibility of swerving -i'roln place eX- actly in the right posit-ion to enable the hooks to seize its thread and carry it around the bobbin. There are two hooks, l1 It, situated nearly opposite to each other on their axis, and atabout the same heighta-s the central edge oil the bobbin y. The points of the hooks are at such a distance apart as not only to pass around the bobbin, but also to pass just behind the needle I, so close thereto as to catch the thread a little above its eye, and they project in opposite directions in respect to their ino tion, so that one ma)T carry the thread-loop when caught in one direction, and the other carry the loop in the opposite direct-ion. In order that these hooks mayalways bo made to pass j ust as close to the needle, as desired, the step on which the bobbin-holder and hooks are mounted may be adjustable backward and forward suiiiciently for the purpose. The extent of reciprocating movement communicated to the hooks is sufticient to enable either to siezc the thread and carry it around over the bobbin in its own direction. The hooks, thus arranged, do not at one time both take the thread alternately and loop it overl the bobbin; but when the driving-shaft is driven in one direction one of the'hooks takes and loops the thread exclusively, and when the shaft is driven in the opposite direction the other hook seizes and loops the thread exclusively land cach hook thus forms its own peculiar stitch quite different from that of the other. The

action of the two hooks in making two kinds of stitches is'explained by reference to the diagrams 5 and which indicate on an enlarged scale the respective positions of the threads in the formation of the two different stitches. Let I, in each figure, indicate the l end of the needle; 71., the hook, (the one, the

right and the other the left hook 5) m, the needle-thread, and n the bobbin-thread, the right-hand termination of which, in each figure, may indicate the position of the bobbin. Suppose, in both instances', that the bobbinthread a is at the left hand of the needle, or on that side thereof toward which the clothis fed along. If the hook, passing toward the left, sei zes the thread m, as in Fig.' 5, it will simply lfarry it round over the bobbin, thereby for-ming the simple twist with the bobbin-thread,

or that interlocking of the threads which produces the ordinary shuttle-stitch; but if the other hook takes t-he needle-thread and carries fito the right, as in Fig. 6, it first carries it around behind the needle I, thereby doubling it over itselil around the needle, and then carries the loop, thus formed, around the bobbin and bobbin-thread n, with which it makes a knot each time, as indicated in Figs. 6 and 7. l f the bobbin-thread weregat the right of the needle, then the action of the hooks would be the reverse-that is, the left-hand hook wouldl make the knot-stitch, and the right-hand hook would make the common shuttle-stitch. The nobbin-thread is ordinarily situated on that side of the needle toward whiehthe clothis fed along but itmight be purposely arranged so as first to incline on the opposite side of the needle 5 but this is an immaterial matter, since my invention has reference to forming the two kinds of stitches with the -two hooks by reversing the motion of the driving wheel or shaft; and it is of no consequence which hook makes the knot stitch or which makes the common shuttle-stitch.

The advantages of the addition of the knotstitch are that while, if desired, the common shuttle-stitch .may be used, yet,'when a very strong stitch is desired, the knot-stitch may be employed, which also is not only much stronger than the other stitch, on account of the more secure interlocking of the threads, but by being far more elastic obviates all lia- I bility of the threads breaking by the stretching of the cl oth, a fault to which the shuttle.- stitch is peculiarly liable. rl`he knot-stitch is 'very useful, also, for fastening or confining the threads at the end of a seam, for by continuing the sewing two stitches over the edge of the cloth it ties the threads fast together, andwhen the other stitch is used, by reversing the motion of the driving-shaft, so as to mak'e two such stitches over the edge ofthe cloth, in like manner, the same result is accomplished.

The feeding arrangement may be construct,- ed in any way desired; but in orderto enable 011e device to feed the cloth along, when the driving-shaft is driven in either direction, for forming either kind of stitch, and at the same time to cause the feeding to take place just asf the needle is descending and before it reaches the cloth, (the only proper time for making the feed,) the feeding apparatus is actuated by means of a shackle-bar, if, and eccentric 1', which is attached to a loose sleeve, lu, on the driving-shaft e, and in this sleeve there is a transverse slot, t', in which works a pin, i, proj eeting from said driving-shaft. f This slot is ofjust sufficient length to enable t-hc sleeve to become fixed on the shaft at that moment when it is required to operate the feeding device, as desired, in turning the shaft either way.

I claiml 1. The method of making a knot-stitch herein deScribed-11amcly,by taking the needlethread at the back of the needle, (or at the side opposite to the position of the bobbim) and first doubling it upon itself around the needle, and then looping it over the bobbinthread, substantially as specified.

2. The employment of two hooks, h 71., Aaeting in opposite directions when they take the thread at the back of the needle (or at the side opposite to the position of the bobbin) for the purpose of forming either the knot-stitch or the ordinary shuttle-stitch by simply reversing the motion of the driving-shaft, as herein set forth.

8. Making the feed-eccentric fi. self-adjusting by means of the loose sleeve, u, slot c, and pin or stop it, so that the feeding shall take place during the descent of the needle, whichever way the driving-shaft may be turned, as herein described,

In testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand. JASONV. iL-umm.

In presence ofv M. G. WEBB,

S. VILLIAMs. 

